Adolescents' experiences with attempted suicide: family, school, and friends
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The aim of this study to describe and analyse the subjective experience of adolescents who have attempted suicide in relation to their parents, peers and school. Ten adolescents between 15 and 18 years old who have made suicide attempts are interviewed. The information is analyzed according to Grounded Theory criteria. The results allow us to configure a central phenomenon in each of the three contexts explored: a) My parents did not perceive my suffering, until I could not take it anymore; b) I find it difficult to feel comfortable among my peers. I have no close friends; and, c) «School can be stressful for me, but it can also worry about me». The conclusions present a comprehensive relational model and reflect on the systemic possibilities of intervention in different contexts.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
-
Attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
-
NonCommercial - You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
-
ShareAlike - If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
How to Cite
References
Almonte, C. (2019). Psicopatología infantil y de la adolescencia. Mediterráneo.
Ardiles-Irarrázabal, R., Alfaro-Robles, P., Díaz-Mancilla, I., & Martínez-Guzmán, V. (2018). Riesgo de suicidio adolescente en localidades urbanas y rurales por género, región de Coquimbo, Chile. Aquichan, 18(2), 160-170. https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2018.18.2.4
Arora, P., Persaud, S., & Parr, K. (2020). Risk and protective factors for suicide among Guyanese youth: Youth and stakeholder perspectives. International Journal of Psycho-logy, 55(4), 618-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12625
Barros, L., Santamarina, P., & Romero, M. (2022). Factores terapéuticos en psicoterapia grupal: experiencia en un hospital de día de adolescentes. Revista de Psiquiatría Infanto-Juvenil, 39(4), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.31766/revpsij.v39n4a3
Borghero, F., Martínez, V., Zitko, P., Vöhringer, P. A., Cavada, G., & Rojas, G. (2018). Tamizaje de episodio depresivo en adolescentes: validación del instrumento PHQ-9. Revista Médica de Chile, 146(4), 479-486. https://doi.org/gjhbps
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706QP063OA
Bravo-Andrade, H., Ruvalcaba-Romero, N., Orozco-Solís, M., & Macías-Espinoza, F. (2020). Factores individuales que protegen o favorecen el riesgo de suicidio adolescente: estudio cualitativo con grupos focales. Duazary, 17(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/pj4x
Brent, D., Horowitz, L., Grupp-Phelan, J., Bridge, J., Gibbons, R., Chernick, L., Rea, M., Cwik, M., Shenoi, R., Fein, J., Mahabee-Gittens, E., Patel, S., Mistry, R., Duffy, S., Melzer-Lange, M., Rogers, A., Cohen, D., Keller, A., Hickey, R. W., Page, K., Casper, C., King, C. & Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (2023). Prediction of suicide attempts and suicide-related events among adolescents seen in emergency Departments. Jama Network Open, 6(2), e2255986. https://doi.org/grs8cb
Cañón, S. C., & Carmona, J. A. (2018). Ideación y conductas suicidas en adolescentes y jóvenes. Pediatría Atención Primaria, 20(80), 387-397.
Cañón, S., Castaño, J., Mosquera, A., Nieto, L. M., Orozco, M., & Giraldo, W. F. (2018). Propuesta de intervención educativa para la prevención de la conducta suicida en adolescentes en la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia). Diversitas. Perspectivas en Psicología, 14(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.15332/s1794-9998.2018.0001.02
Capella-Castillo, S., & Navarro-Pérez, J. J. (2021). Prevención de riesgo psicosocial en adolescentes: el rol de los Centros de Día de Menores en España. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 19(1), 41-62. https://doi.org/pj48
Cavelti, M., & Kaess M. (2021) Adolescent suicide: An individual disaster, but a systemic failure. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(7), 987-990. https://doi.org/pj4z
Charmaz, K. (2017). Constructivist grounded theory. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 299-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262612
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3ª ed). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452230153
Cwik, M. F., O’Keefe, V. M., & Haroz, E. E. (2020). Suicide in the pediatric population: Screening, risk assessment and treatment. International Review of Psychiatry, 32(3), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1693351
Díaz, H., Marín-Vila, M., Martínez, L. (2021). Intervención psicoterapéutica grupal en una Unidad de Hospitalización Breve de Adolescentes desde las terapias contextuales. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 41(139), 67-87.
Dumon, E., & Portzky, G. (2014). Directrices de actuación para la prevención, intervención y postvención del suicidio en el entorno escolar. Euregenas. https://www.aepsal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Guia-prevencion-suicidio-entornos-escolares.pdf
Evans, E., Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Psychol, C., & Deeks, J. (2005). The prevalence of suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 35(3), 239-250. https://doi.org/cjwf5p
Fernández-González, O. M., Fernández, S., & Krause, M. (2020). Comprensión del cambio psicoterapéutico en adolescentes: voces de pacientes y terapeutas. CES Psicología, 13(3), 107-123. http://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.3.7
Fernández-González, O. M., Jerez-Venegas, R., & Ulloa-García, K. (2021). Hospitalización por intento de suicidio en adolescentes: mirada retrospectiva de la experiencia y los cambios asociados. Terapia Psicológica, 39(3), 445-465. https://doi.org/m3zj
Flick, U. (2014). The Sage handbook of qualitative data analysis. Sage. https://doi.org/d875
Florenzano, R., Valdés, M., Cáceres, E., Santander, S., Aspillaga, C., & Musalem, C. (2011). Relación entre ideación suicida y estilos parentales en un grupo de adolescentes chilenos. Revista Médica de Chile, 139(12), 1529-1533. https://doi.org/hdmc
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia. (2021). Siete mitos acerca de la salud mental. https://www.unicef.org/parenting/es/salud-mental/siete-mitos-sobre-salud-mental
Forero, I., Siabato, E., & Salamanca, Y. (2017). Ideación suicida, funcionalidad familiar y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes de Colombia. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 15(1), 431-442. https://doi.org/pj3b
Foroughe, M., Stillar, A., Goldstein, L., Dolhanty, J., Goodcase, E. T., & Lafrance, A. (2019). Brief emotion focused family therapy: An intervention for parents of children and adolescents with mental health issues. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45(3), 410-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12351
Franklin, J., Ribeiro, J., Fox, K., Bentley, K., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., Musacchio, K., Jaroszewski, A., Chang, B., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187-232. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000084
Frey, L., Hans, J., & Sandford, R. (2016) Where is family science in suicide prevention and intervention? Theoretical applications for a systemic perspective. Journal of Family Theory & Review 8(4), 446-462. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12168
González-Forteza, C., Arana, D. S., & Jiménez, J. A. (2008). Problemática suicida en adolescentes y el contexto escolar: vinculación autogestiva con los servicios de salud mental. Salud Mental, 31(1), 23-27.
Gross, C., Oehlke, S.-M., Prillinger, K., Goreis, A., Plener, P., & Kothgassner, O. (2024). Efficacy of mentalization-based therapy in treating self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior, 54(2), 317-337. https://doi.org/pj43
Guba, E., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2012). Controversias paradigmáticas, contradicciones y cofluencias emergentes. En N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Comps.), Manual de investigación cualitativa: el campo de la investigación cualitativa: vol. 2. paradigmas y perspectivas en disputa (pp. 38-78). Gedisa.
Hauber, K., Boon, A., & Vermeiren, R. (2019). Therapeutic factors that promote recovery in high-risk adolescents intensive group psychotherapeutic MBT programme. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/gptqfk
Hesse, E., & Main, M. (1999). Second-generation effects of unresolved trauma in nonmal-treating parents: Dissociated, frightened, and threatening parental behavior. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 19(4), 481-540. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351699909534265
Inzunza, C., Navia, F., Catalán, P., Brehme, C., & Ventura, T. (2012). Conducta suicida en niños y adolescentes ingresados en un hospital general: análisis descriptivo. Revista Médica de Chile, 140(6), 751-762. https://doi.org/g8tqnn
Janiri, D., Doucet, G., Pompili, M., Sani, G., Luna, B., Brent, D. A., & Frangou, S. (2020). Risk and protective factors for childhood suicidality: A US population-based study. The lancet. Psychiatry, 7(4), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30049-3
Jans, T., Vloet, T. D., Taneli, Y., & Warnke, A. (2017). Suicidio y conducta autolesiva. En M. Rey (Ed.), Manual de salud mental infantil y adolescente de la IACAPAP. Asociación Internacional de Psiquiatría del Niño y el Adolescente y Profesiones Afines.
Juan, S., Gómez, J. M., Etchebarne, I., & Roussos, A. J. (2011). El método de investigación cualitativa consensual (Consensual Qualitative Research, CQR): una herramienta para la investigación cualitativa en psicología clínica. Anuario de Investigaciones, 18, 47-56.
King, C., Grupp, P., Brent, D., Dean, J., Webb, M., Bridge, J., Spirito, A., Chernick, L., Mahabee, G., Mistry, R., Rea, M., Keller, A., Rogers, A., Shenoi, R., Cwik, M., Busby, D., & Casper, T. (2019). Predicting 3-month risk for adolescent suicide attempts among pediatric emergency department patients. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 60(10), 1055-1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13087
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Sage.
Levitt, H., Bamberg, M., Creswell, J., Frost, D., Josselson, R., & Suárez-Orozco, C. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for qualitative primary, qualitative meta-analytic, and mixed methods research in psychology: The APA publications and communica-tions board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 26-46. https://doi.org/gctpzh
Low, Y. T. A. (2021). Family con$icts, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation of Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(6), 2457-2473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09925-7
Maino, M., Morales, S., Echávarri, O., Barros, J., García, A., Moya, C., Szmulewicz, T., Fischman, R., Núñez, C., & Tomicic, A. (2019). Suicide risk con#guration system in a clustered clinical sample: A generalized linear model obtained through the Lasso technique. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(2), 112-121. https://doi.org/g9ftzj
Marraccini, M. E., & Brier, Z. M. (2017). School connectedness and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic meta-analysis. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000192
Miller, A. L., Rathus, J. H., & Linehan, M. M. (2017). Dialectical behavior therapy with suicidal adolescents. The Guilford Press.
Mojica, C., Hoyos, L., Vanegas, H., Muñoz, L., & Fernández-Ávila, D. G. (2023). Intento de suicidio pediátrico e ingreso a unidad de cuidado intensivos, antes y después de la pandemia, en un hospital universitario en Boyacá, Colombia. Pediatría, 56(2), 1-8.
Morales, S., Echávarri, O., Barros, J., Maino, M., Fischman, R., Núñez, C., Moya, C., & Monari, M. (2017). Intento e ideación suicida en consultantes a salud mental: estilos depresivos, malestar interpersonal y satisfacción familiar. Psykhe, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.26.1.939
Moreno-Carmona, N., Andrade-Palos, P., & Betancourt-Ocampo, D. (2018). Fortalezas en adolescentes de Colombia y México que nunca han intentado suicidarse. Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, 16(2), 797-807. https://doi.org/10.11600/1692715x.16210
Orlins, E., DeBois, K., & Chat#eld, S. L. (2021). Characteristics of interpersonal con$icts preceding youth suicide: Analysis of data from the 2017 National Violent Death Reporting System. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 26(3), 204-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12439
Orri, M., Paduanello, M., Lachal, J., Falissard, B., Sibeoni, J., & Revah-Levy, A. (2014). Qualitative approach to attempted suicide by adolescents and young adults: The (neglected) role of revenge. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96716. https://doi.org/f56wxb
Quemba, M., Bernal M., Silva, S., Bravo, A.(2023). Traducción y adaptación transcultural en español de criterios consolidados para reportar investigaciones cualitativas. Revista Cubana de Enfermería, 39(1), e5744.
Rajalin, M., Hirvikoski, T., Renberg, E. S., Åsberg, M., & Jokinen, J. (2020). Exposure to early life adversity and interpersonal functioning in attempted suicide. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 552514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.552514
Rufino, K. A., & Patriquin, M. A. (2019). Child and adolescent suicide: Contributing risk factors and new evidence-based interventions. Children’s Health Care, 48(4), 345-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2019.1666009
Runeson, B., Odeberg, J., Pettersson, A., Edbom, T., Jildevik, I., & Waern, M. (2017). Instruments for the assessment of suicide risk: A systematic review evaluating the certainty of the evidence. PloS ONE, 12(7), e0180292. https://doi.org/gbnbzs
Sallee, E., Cazares-Cervantes, A., & Ng, K. M. (2022). Interpersonal predictors of suicide ideation and attempt among middle adolescents. Professional Counselor, 12(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.15241/es.12.1.1
Scott, S., Diamond, G., & Levy, S. (2016). Attachment-based family therapy for suicidal adolescents: A case study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 37(2), 154-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1149
Silva, D., Vicente, B., Arévalo, E., Dapelo, R., & Soto, C. (2017). Intento de suicidio y factores de riesgo en una muestra de adolescentes escolarizados de Chile. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 22(1), 33. https://doi.org/hdnn
Souza, D. de, Treichel, C., Ribeiro, L., Ferrer, A., & Rossato, L. (2024). Prevalence of risk factors among adolescents who suicide attempt: A cross-sectional study. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 58, e20240197. https://doi.org/pj46
Stänicke, L. I., Haavind, H., & Gullestad, S. E. (2018). How do young people understand their own self-harm? A meta-synthesis of adolescents’ subjective experience of self-harm. Adolescent Research Review, 3, 173-191. https://doi.org/gdk25w
Steare, T., Gutiérrez, C., Sullivan, A., & Lewis, G. (2023). The association between aca-demic pressure and adolescent mental health problems: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 339, 302-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.028
Tong, A., Sainsbury, P., & Craig, J. (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (Coreq): A 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042
Whitlock, J., Wyman, P., & Moore, S. R. (2014). Connectedness and suicide prevention in adolescents: Pathways and implications. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 246-272. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12071
Wilson, K. G., & Luciano, M. C. (2002). Terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT): un tratamiento conductual orientado a los valores. Pirámide.