Influencia del contexto en el desarrollo cognitivo infantil: revisión sistemática
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Durante los últimos años diversas investigaciones analizaron la asociación entre contexto y desarrollo infantil. Un problema central es si el ambiente influye en el desarrollo cognitivo. El contexto está compuesto por diferentes niveles que interactúan entre sí e influyen en las personas: el microsistema, mesosistema, exosistema y el macrosistema. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es indagar acerca de los factores que pertenecen al contexto y modularían el desarrollo infantil. A través de una búsqueda de artículos empíricos en revistas científicas indexadas, se seleccionaron 22 artículos, los cuales fueron analizados mediante la comparación de las variables: población, país, instrumento de evaluación, constructo evaluado, frecuencia de evaluación y resultados. Los resultados muestran que los factores ambientales pertenecientes a cada nivel analizado tienen la capacidad de modular el desarrollo infantil.
Palabras clave: Contexto cultural; desarrollo infantil; cognición.
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